According to the World Bank, the continent is most successfully integrated into the production of food, clothing, and automotive components. Africa mainly participates in global production only at the very first stage, acting as a source of raw materials (most African countries are integrated into commodity chains: hydrocarbons and other minerals), the continent's share in world trade in intermediate goods is only 3%, and production centers are highly specialized and depend on foreign markets.

According to World Bank estimates, only Kenya, Morocco, Namibia, Tanzania, Tunisia, Ethiopia, and South Africa participate in production activity on a limited scale. Europe is the primary driver of growth for Morocco and Tunisia, and Asia for Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. The rates of Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and South Africa in the GPCC are comparable to the rates at which Vietnam and Poland were involved at the turn of the 1990s and 2000s.

Based on: National Research University "Higher School of Economics"